The realms of William the Conqueror at his death, 1087. The Kingdom of England and the Duchy of Normandy. Despite being much smaller, Normandy was more densely populated than England, so it's a lot more significant than it looks.
Major sites in England during Stephen's reign.
The territory controlled by Stephen and Matilda, c. 1141. Blue is Matilda, red is Stephen.
The Angevin Empire of Henry II, c. 1180, in red. Very useful for showing just how much of France this kid ruled (despite not being, y'know, King of France) as well as the locations of Normandy and Anjou within France itself.
SOURCES
Bachrach, Bernard S. and David S. Warfare in Medieval Europe c. 400-1453. Abingdon, UK: Routledge, 2017.
Beeler, John. Warfare in Feudal Europe, 730-1200. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1971.
Beeler, John. Warfare in England, 1066-1189. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1966.
Bradbury, Jim. Stephen and Matilda: the Civil War of 1139–53. Stroud, UK: The History Press, 2009.
Hanley, Catherine. Matilda: Empress, Queen, Warrior. London: Yale University Press, 2019.
Peers, Chris. King Stephen and the Anarchy: Civil War and Military Tactics in Twelfth-Century Britain. Barnsley, UK: Pen & Sword Military, 2018.
Spencer, Charles. The White Ship: Conquest, Anarchy and the Wrecking of Henry I’s Dream. London: William Collins, 2020.
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